Description and characteristics
The turbot (Scophthalmus maeoticus) is a flatfish with a broad, rounded, laterally compressed body. Both eyes are on the left side of the body, and the colouring can adapt to the bottom, camouflaging on sandy or muddy grounds.
Habitat and distribution
It inhabits saline and brackish coastal waters, present near the Danube Delta and in lagoons with sandy bottoms. It prefers shallow waters where it camouflages.
Diet and behaviour
It is a benthic predator, feeding on small fish, crustaceans and molluscs caught on the bottom. It lies buried in sand and attacks passing prey.
Reproduction
Spawning occurs in spring in deeper waters, with females laying numerous pelagic eggs. The fry are pelagic, then descend to the bottom, beginning life as a flatfish.
Economic and ecological importance
The turbot is prized for its delicate flesh, being an important commercial resource. Ecologically, it controls small-fish and invertebrate populations in coastal zones.
Threats and conservation
It is affected by overfishing and degradation of coastal bottoms. Protection measures include legal minimum sizes and sustainable management.
Fishing and legal minimum size
Turbot is fished with nets and specific gear. In the table of minimum legal sizes, the turbot (Scophthalmus maeoticus) has a minimum legal size of 45 cm.
Conclusion
The turbot is a valuable flatfish, important for fishing and for the coastal ecosystems around the Danube Delta.