Description and characteristics
The European sprat (Sprattus sprattus) is a small, elongated fish with a laterally compressed body, silvery scales and a grey-blue back. It has the serrated ventral keel characteristic of clupeids.
Habitat and distribution
It lives in the salt waters of the Black Sea, forming large pelagic schools near the coast and in the brackish waters around the Danube Delta.
Diet and behaviour
It feeds on plankton and small crustaceans, filtering water. It forms dense shoals that move with currents and food.
Reproduction
Spawning occurs in spring and summer in salt water, with females laying numerous pelagic eggs. The fry grow quickly.
Economic and ecological importance
It has economic value, being caught for consumption, preservation and as bait. Ecologically, it is an important marine trophic link.
Threats and conservation
It is influenced by intensive fishing and marine environmental variations. Sustainable management is necessary.
Fishing and legal minimum size
It is fished with fine nets and pelagic gear. In the table of minimum legal sizes, the European sprat (Sprattus sprattus) has a minimum legal size of 7 cm.
Conclusion
The European sprat is a small pelagic fish, important for fishing and the marine ecosystems of the Danube Delta area.