Description and characteristics
The European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) is a small, elongated fish with a laterally compressed body, silvery scales and a shiny lateral band. It has a large mouth directed upwards, characteristic of plankton-feeding fish.
Habitat and distribution
It is a marine pelagic species that enters seasonally into the brackish waters and the coast of the Danube Delta, forming large schools.
Diet and behaviour
It feeds on plankton and small crustaceans, filtering water. It forms dense shoals that move with currents and food.
Reproduction
Spawning occurs in salt water, in spring and summer, with females laying numerous pelagic eggs. The fry grow quickly.
Economic and ecological importance
The anchovy has great economic value, being intensively fished for consumption and preservation. Ecologically, it is an essential trophic link.
Threats and conservation
It is affected by intensive fishing and alteration of coastal ecosystems. Sustainable stock management is important.
Fishing and legal minimum size
It is fished with fine nets and coastal gear. In the table of minimum legal sizes, the anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) has a minimum legal size of 7 cm.
Conclusion
The European anchovy is a valuable pelagic fish, important for fishing and the coastal ecosystems around the Danube Delta.